The research is part of the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations’ Countering Violent Extremism Baseline Program, a multi-country research initiative to identify and monitor key subnational indicators of violent extremism (VE) and community resilience. Implemented in partnership with Management Systems International (MSI), the program enabled the U.S. Government, partner governments and civil society to better understand and respond to changing VE dynamics by using empirical evidence as the basis for policies and programs. Baseline program countries include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kenya, Malaysia, Niger, North Macedonia, and the Philippines.